Heat Stroke vs. Heat Exhaustion: Emergency Response Tips

With the increase in global temperatures and the growing occurrence of heatwaves, comprehending illnesses linked to heat is of utmost importance.  Heat stroke and heat exhaustion are two of the most prevalent but severe conditions resulting from extreme heat.  Although both can impact individuals exposed to elevated temperatures—particularly during exercise—they vary greatly in severity, symptoms, and necessary treatment.

This blog will outline the main differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion, highlight warning signs, and provide crucial emergency response tips for prompt and effective intervention.

What is Heat Exhaustion?

Heat exhaustion happens when the body loses too much water and salt, usually via sweating.  It is frequently observed in individuals who work or exercise in high-temperature settings.  Although heat exhaustion is not as life-threatening as heat stroke, it can worsen without timely treatment.

Common causes Heat Exhaustion:

• Extended exposure to elevated temperatures
• Dehydration
• Strenuous exercise when it’s hot outside
• Donning heavy clothing or protective equipment

Heat Exhaustion Symptoms:

• Heavy sweating
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dizziness or fainting
• Nausea or vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Headache
• Pale and clammy skin
• Fast, weak pulse

Heat Stroke Symptoms:

• High body temperature (104°F or higher)
• Red, hot, dry skin (no sweating)
• Rapid, strong pulse
• Throbbing headache
• Dizziness, confusion, or seizures
• Nausea or vomiting
• Unconsciousness

Who is Most at Risk?

Although anyone can be affected by heat-related illnesses, some groups are at greater risk:

• Infants and young children
• Older adults
• People with chronic conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes)
• Athletes or laborers working outdoors
• People taking medications that affect hydration or sweating
• Overweight individuals

First Aid and Emergency Response Tips For Heat Exhaustion:

If an individual exhibits symptoms of heat exhaustion:

1. Move to a Cooler Area: Relocate them to an air-conditioned space or a shaded location.
2. Lay Them Down: Position the person on their back and raise their legs a bit.
3. Hydration: Offer refreshing water or a beverage that restores electrolytes.  Stay away from alcohol and caffeine.
4. Loosen Clothing: Take off any restrictive or surplus garments.
5. Cool the Body: Utilize fans, apply cool compresses, or dampen the body with water.
6. Watch for Symptoms: There should be improvement within a half hour.  If symptoms escalate or fail to improve, consult a healthcare professional.

First Aid and Emergency Response Tips For Heat Stroke:

Heat stroke constitutes a dangerous emergency situation.  Immediately take the following steps:

1. Contact emergency services: Immediately call your area’s emergency number.

2. Relocate to a Cool Environment: Finding shade or an air-conditioned space is best.

2. Rapidly cool the individual:

• If the individual is disoriented or unconscious, do not provide fluids.
• If possible, use damp towels or submerge the individual in cool water.
• Use ice packs on the neck, armpits, and groin areas.

4. Monitor Vital Signs: Assess for breathing, pulse, and responsiveness.

3. Remain with the individual: Maintain their coolness and calmness until assistance comes.

When to Seek Medical Help

When to Consult a Doctor The body temp. reaches or exceeds 104°F (40°C).

• The individual passes out.
• If first aid does not lead to symptom improvement within 30–60 minutes.
• The person cannot ingest liquids or keeps throwing up.
• Alterations in mental state such as confusion, seizures, or hallucinations are evident.

Preventive Measures to Avoid Heat Illness

• Keep Hydration Levels Up: Consume water at regular intervals, even when you don’t feel thirsty. On hot days or when working out, make sure to incorporate drinks that restore electrolytes.
• Wear Appropriate Clothing: Opt for lightweight, light-colored, and breathable fabrics like cotton. Avoid tight-fitting or dark clothes.
• Restrict Activities Outside: Steer clear of demanding activities when temperatures are highest (usually between noon and 4 p.m.).  Plan your exercises or chores for the early morning hours or after the sun has gone down.
• Take Breaks: When working outdoors, make sure to rest in shaded or air-conditioned areas regularly.
• Apply Sunscreen: Sunburn diminishes the skin's natural cooling ability.  Apply sunscreen that is broad-spectrum and has an SPF of at least 30.
• Gradual Acclimatization: Allow your body sufficient time to adapt to high temperatures. Increase the time of exposure gradually.
• Observe the Weather: Stay informed about heatwave alerts and humidity levels. When the air is humid, it becomes more difficult for the body to regulate its temperature through sweat.

The Role of Bystanders in Heat Emergencies

Heat-related illnesses often arise in public settings such as sports events, parks, or workplaces. Bystanders can have a pivotal impact:

• Identify the symptoms rapidly.
• Avoid presuming that someone is merely "tired" or "lazy."
• Provide first aid quickly and contact emergency services when necessary.
• Help to cool down the person until assistance comes.

Related: What to Expect During an Emergency Room Visit

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are both serious conditions, but they can be prevented and managed with knowledge and timely intervention. The first step to safeguarding yourself and those around you in hot weather is grasping the differences.

When someone in your vicinity displays signs of a heat-related illness, take action without delay. Your prompt reaction can save a life, whether that means providing water, locating shade, or summoning medical assistance.

Our emergency team at L H Hiranandani Hospital is trained to manage heat-related illnesses accurately and with care.  If you or someone close to you shows symptoms of heat exhaustion or stroke, don’t risk it—head straight to our Emergency Room.  Our advanced facilities and 24/7 specialists are dedicated to ensuring your health and safety at all times.